american gothic design :: essays research papers

The most important aesthetic and philosophical style was developed in the eighteenth century, yet this style did not reach its apex until the nineteenth. With Christian elements and strong moral the movement appealed to the newly wealthy middle classes. The notable increase in prosperity that accompanied the Industrial Revolution was largely based on the accumulative benefits of inexpensive imports for the colonies. This new found affluence and status for the middle-class, has naturally revealed in the types of homes they lived in and the style in which they decorated and ornamented them. Unsure how to begin this new style of living, they chose architecture and furnishings that had previously been only for the aristocracy and the upper class. The critics of high Victorian style, known as the Aesthetic Movement, objected not only to the style and quality of machine-made furnishings but also to the manner in which they were used in the home. The typical middle-class drawing room was c rammed full of furniture, fabrics were used in abundance and every available surface was overflowing with knickknacks. Such displays were a means of showing off their new-found cultural interests, prosperity and status. They were also in accord with the fashionable notion that bareness in a room was in poor taste. Victorian Gothic style was zenithed in the mid-nineteenth century by those who yearned to return to the complexity of the skilled craftsmanship and design that prevailed in the Middle Ages. Architecture in the Middle Ages in northern Europe was based on arches, such as the gable, buttress, and ribbed vault. These houses had roofs that were high and sloping, which were imperative in wetter climates of the north, and inspired the used of decorative elements such as stonework and brick, oriel and lancet windows, or weathervanes. Colonettes rose to these ceilings and eliminated the used of masonry walls, now leaving enough interior room and wall space for windows. Large windows were made of stained glass, in later years portraying religious figures, and the glow of light was said to symbolize â€Å"heavenly spiritual light.† These subjects soon passed as the sixteenth century approached with a more classical form of architecture. This style, full of symmetry, rounded arches, and columns, and lacking culture, branded medieval design â€Å"barbaric†. Now collectively called Victorian the architecture was made up of several main styles. These include Italianate, Second Empire, Stick-Eastlake, and Queen Anne. Facades of Victorian Gothic homes were asymmetrical with steeply pitched roofs.

Person Who Changed My Life

We all have people who have changed our lives. People can change your life in a positive or negative way. My grandmother Esther changed my life in a positive way. My grandmother basically raised me. She changed my life and I am glad she did. My grandmother was a very hardworking woman. She valued education even though she never received an education during her childhood. It really touched me the way she would try to help me and give me advice. This made me work extremely hard in school. My grandmother taught me how important it is to tolerate people and certain situations. She told me showing people respect will get you a long way in life, as well as seeking help in hard times and facing problems instead of running away from them. Because of this, I try to see the good in people and over look the bad. When I have a problem I think of ways to solve it. When I cannot find a solution I ask for help before things get worse. She was very humble and kind. She did not let people take her kindness for weakness. She did not mind helping people. When you are wrong you have to swallow your pride and say your sorry. That is one thing she always did and taught me. The word love is used to often these for small things that do not matter. Few people understand what love really is. It is not trait we are born with like the color of our eyes. We have to learn to love ourselves and others. If you love some one you show it through actions and help them change if they need to.

Indian Economy Has Gone Through Many Phases Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4156 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Since 1991 till date Indian economy has gone through many phases. It has seen many contemporary developments in terms of changing trends in economic growth, inflation, fiscal deficits, capital investment flows (FDI FIIs),current account and capital accounts convertibility, foreign exchanges reserves etc. In 1991 when India faced major crunch of foreign exchange reserves, it opened up its economy and introduced many economic reforms with more thrust towards globalisation, privatisation and liberalisation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Indian Economy Has Gone Through Many Phases Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Over the years, out of these various economic contemporary phenomena, the one which has assumed great importance in the economic scenario of the Indian economy has been foreign capital flows (Foreign Institutional investments constituting major portion of total foreign investment in India ). These inflows have had both positive as well as negative impact on the health of the Indian economy. On the positive side, these capital inflows have raised the level of economic development by augmenting the domestic investment, contributed towards increased market capitalisation, more competitiveness in the capital market and widened financial intermediation. But at the same time, these capital inflows have also posed several threats to the economic and financial system of the recipient economy like inflationary trends, appreciation in exchange rate, overheating of the economy and unmanageable volatility in the capital market due to the possibility of their sudden withdrawal. Thus over the year s due to their increasing magnitude, the FII flows have impacted various economic factors in the Indian economy directly and indirectly like volatility in the stock market, risk-return patterns, inflationary trends, economic growth, foreign exchange reserves, decision on capital account convertibility and so on or vice versa. Over the years, FIIs have been showing diversified magnitude and changing trends with various underlying reasons for the same. During the initial year 1992-93, when the FII flows started flowing into India it just amounted to Rs 13 cr. because at this moment government was framing policy guidelines for FIIs. However within a year in 1993-94 the FIIs flow rose to `Rs. 5127 cr. increasing with 39338 percent because government had opened door for investment in India. Thereafter, the FII flows witnessed mixed trends over the years like from 1994-95 to 2008-09, FIIs showed negative comparative growth. However from 1995-96 to 2009-10, they have been showing comparative positive growth. There have been many reasons for these non patterned flows of FIIs in Indian economy. In 1997-98, FII inflow posted fall due to the South East Asian Currency Crisis. In 1998-99 FIIs also flew back. This was primarily due the economic sanctions imposed on India by US, Japan and other industrialized economies. These economic sanctions were the result of series of testing of nuclear bombs by India in May 1998. The slowdown in 2004-05 and 2005-06, 200 was on account of global uncertainties caused by hardening of crude oil prices and upturn in the interest rate cycle. During 2007-8 the whole world felt the heat of global financial crisis (popularly known as SUB-PRIME crisis) originated in USA. Even Indian economy could not remain unaffected from these global phenomena and in 2009-8-09 for the first time in the history since 1992 when FIIs first invested in Indian economy, it witnessed highest ever negative net investment outflow. During this period the gross purchases were ` 614575 and the gross sales were ` 6,60,386 Cr. It amounted to net out flow to the tune of ` 45,810 Cr. However as discussed earlier, FIIs flow has also shown positive trends over the last many years. In 2010 FIIs injected ` 1,12,000 cr.(net investment) in Indian equities. Even till date the trend is quite positive and F IIs has already made net investment to the tune of ` 7335 cr. till March 2011. It has been the experience over the years, Indian economy has not been immune to these FIIs flows. They have affected various economic factors of the economy considerably like volatility in the stock market, risk-return patterns, inflationary trends, and economic growth, foreign exchange reserves, market capitalisation of the companies listed with BSE, NSE, and government policy with regard to decision on capital account convertibility and so on or vice versa. Viewed from other perspective, there are many economic and financial determinants which have pulled and pushed the flows of FIIs into and out of India economy. Like Returns on Indian stock market, risk and inflation in foreign country might have positive impact on FIIs inflow whereas risk and inflation in domestic country and stock market returns in foreign country might have negative influence on FIIs investment to India. In addition to this, market capitalization, macro economic determinants like economic growth, liberalisati on policy (i.e. more capital account convertibility ) , burgeoning amount of foreign exchange reserves, decisions taken on tax benefits for FIIs in India might also have significant positive influence on FIIs flow in short-run as well long run. From time to time Government of India has taken many positive as well as precautionary initiatives to enhance the flow of FIIs into Indian economy but at the same time ensuring stability of stock market and protecting the interest of the shareholders. Like foreign firms and high net-worth individuals have been permitted to invest as sub-accounts of FIIs, FII ceiling under special procedure has been enhanced to 49 per cent, dual approval process of SEBI and RBI has got changed to single approval process of SEBI, Investment cap for FIIs in Government securities and corporate bonds has been increased and so on. Thus there are many perspectives attached with FIIs flows into Indian economy. From the problem of scarcity in the early 1990s to the problem of plenty now, the large foreign inflows into our economy has assumed utmost importance in recent times and managing such inflows have become a challenge in itself. Such inflows have thrown up new policy challenges as these inflows have influenced various macro level economic variables like inflation, , foreign exchange reserves, exchange rate (money value visa vis foreign currency), market capitalisation and so on etc. . Moreover, as India is in the process of liberalizing the capital account, it would have significant impact on the foreign investments and particularly on the FII, as this would affect the stability of the financial market in the short run as well as in the long run. And imposition of capital controls will reverse this process towards full convertibility of the rupee. This issue is extremely important for contemporary policy ma kers since managing such large FIIs inflows into India in recent times has come to haunt both the RBI and the Indian government.. Therefore in the light of the above scenario it has become important to study and analyse FIIs magnitude, trends , determinants and their impact upon various macro level factors, and the impact of policy decisions taken by Government of India, RBI, capital market regulator (SEBI) to enhance and the flow of FIIs. It is hoped the insight offered by this research work will help us to construct suitable policies in such a way that on the one hand the Indian economy will enjoy a large inflow of FIIs but at the same time there will not be unnecessary enhanced degree of volatility in the capital market. This will go a long way in cementing and consolidating the economic scenario of Indian economy in general and confidence of the investors in particular1. Review of Literature : Since 1990 till date several research studies have been undertaken on FIIs Flow in India. However their results have been mixed in nature and at certain time contradictory with each other also. Some of the major studies and their summarised findings have been discussed in the following pages: Classens (1993) analyzed the return and diversification benefits of investing for an investor in an industrial country with emerging markets and barriers which prevent a free flow of funds. Study found that equity portfolio flows can be affected by efficiency of domestic stock market as well as market segmentation created by barriers. Investors perception and attitude may thus matter as much as formal barriers. Chuhan (1994) analyzed portfolio switching behaviour by investors between different emerging markets. Study has found that institutional investors from Canada, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US) have not contributed to the growth in portfolio investment in emerging markets (the countries where they have invested). These investors, who otherwise are major players in international capital markets, have approached developing countries securities markets with great caution. Institutional investors generally enter markets with significant liquidity, market capitalization and claim to have a longer time horizon in their risk return assessment than other investors such as performance based retail traders. Study concluded that any country that shows good track record in its reform process may expect to have a lower risk and e higher returns from portfolio investment, thus, consequently large portfolio flows are expected to go to such countries with good track records of liberalization, fiscal consolidation and regulatory reform than to those emerging markets that do not exhibit such a performance on sustained basis. Gooptu (1994) undertook research on Are Portfolio flows to Emerging Markets Complementary or Competitive He concluded that there is a competition between developing countries for portfolio investment from abroad. The study analyzed gross portfolio investment flows for a sample of eight emerging markets over the period of 1989 to 1993 using quarterly data. Four countries in each geographical region, namely, India, Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand in Asia while Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico in Latin America have been examined. All of these countries have experienced large portfolio investment inflows in recent years. However, the gross portfolio flows to Latin America has been observed to be more significantly related to East Asia (Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand) than those to South Asia i.e., India in this study. According to the study, it is important for the policy makers in the developing economies to provide right signals to international capital markets in terms of economic and domestic institutional reforms to successfully compete with other developing economies to attract portfolio investment from abroad. Study found that to attract more private capital flows policy makers must continue to provide right signal to foreign institutional investors in terms of economic and domestic institutional reforms that attract portfolio investment from abroad. Study concludes that there is a need to continue for increasing pace of reforms in any given emerging stock market in order to maintain the steady portfolio flows to developing countries. Agarwal (1997) found that world stock market capitalization had a favourable impact on the FPI in India. FII inflow depends on stock market returns, inflation rates (both domestic and foreign), and ex-ante risk. In terms of magnitude, the impact of stock market returns and the ex-ante risk turned out to be the major determinants of FII inflow. Kumar (2001) investigated the effects of FII inflows on the Indian stock market represented by the Sensex using monthly data from January 1993 to December 1997. Kumar (2001) inferred that FII investments are more driven by Fundamentals and they do not respond to short-term changes or technical position of the market. This finding is in contradiction with the findings of Rai and Bhanumurthy (2003) who did not find any causation from FII to return in BSE using similar data between 1994 and 2002. However, Rai and Bhanumurthy have also found significant impact of return in BSE on NFI. Chakrabarti (2002) made an empirical investigation to see the inter relationship between FIIs flows and equity returns in India in the Indian context. Following the Asian crisis and the bust of info-tech bubble internationally in 1998-99 the net FII declined substantially by US$ 61 million. Using the monthly data between May 1993 and Dec. 1999, Chakrabarti (2001) found that FII flows and stock returns are strongly correlated in India. The entire sample period was sub-divided into Pre-Asian Crisis and Post-Asian Crisis period to capture the impact of the Asian crisis on the net FII inflows. The study found that there appears to be significant differences in the nature of FII flows before and after the Asian crisis. In the pre-Asian crisis period any change in FII found to have a positive impact on the equity returns ( FIIs acted as independent variable and other variable like return acted as dependent variable). But in the post-Asian crisis period it was found the reverse relation exi sted that is the change in FII was mainly due to change in equity returns ( where FIIs acted as dependent and other variables like return acted as as independent variable). It was also found that FIIs did not have any informational disadvantage in comparison with domestic investors in India, since the US and world return were not significant in explaining FII flows. Besides, changes in country risk ratings for India did not appear to affect the FII flows. The beta of the Indian market with respect to SP 500 index seemed to affect the FII flows inversely, but the effect disappeared in the post-Asian crisis period. Thus there appeared to be significant differences in the perception of FII flows before and after the Asian crisis. In the post-Asian crisis period i.e. from 1998 onwards, returns on the BSE National Index became the sole driving force behind the FII flows. Eun Rensick (2002) observed that international portfolio Investment has been growing rapidly in recent years due to (a) deregulation of financial markets (b) introduction of new investment vehicles such as international mutual funds, country funds and internationally cross listed stocks which allow investors to achieve international diversification without incurring excessive costs. Despite sizable potential gains from international diversification, investors allocate a disproportionate share of their funds to domestic securities displaying the so called home bias. Home bias is likely to reflect imperfection in the international financial markets such as excessive transaction/information costs, discriminatory taxes for foreigners and legal/institutional barriers to international investments. Mukherjee P (2002 ) undertook research study on Foreign Institutional Investment in the Indian Equity Market. Contrary to the general perception of foreign investors activities having a strong demonstration effect and driving the domestic stock market in India, evidence from causality tests conducted suggests that FII flows to and from the Indian market tend to be caused by returns in the domestic equity market and not the other way round.( returns acted as the driving force i.e independent variable ) Batra A (2003) in their study on The Dynamics of Foreign Portfolio Inflows and Equity Returns in India used both daily and monthly data in order to understand the trading behaviour of FIIs and returns in Indian equity market. It was found that there is strong evidence of FIIs chasing trends and adopting positive feedback trading strategies at the aggregate level on a daily basis. However there is no evidence of positive feedback trading on a monthly basis. The results of our analysis also indicate that foreign investors have a tendency to herd together in their trading activity in India. The trading behaviour and biases of the FIIs do not appear to have a destabilizing impact on the equity market. Trivedi Nair (2003) in their study on Determinants of FII Investment Inflow to India concluded that any investments, either domestic or foreign, would depend heavily on the risk factors. Hence, while studying the behaviour of FII, it is important to consider the risk variable. But it was only Trivedi Nair who considered this factor in their study in 2003.. Further, they have decomposed it (risk) into realized risk (observed) ex-ante and unexpected risk. Ex ante risk is an observed component and is negatively related to FII. But the relationship between unexpected risk and FII is obscure. Hence, one needs to separate the unobserved component from the realized risk while examining the impact of risk on FII. Gordon and Gupta (2003) in their study on Portfolio Flows into India: Do Domestic Fundamentals Matter conclude that given the huge volume of investments, foreign investors could play a role of market makers and book their profits, i.e., they can buy financial assets when the prices are declining thereby jacking-up the asset prices and sell when the asset prices are increasing Hence, there is a possibility of bi-directional relationship between FII and the equity returns. Boss and Coondoo (2004) undertook study on Impact of FII regulations in India A time series intervention analysis of equity flows. In this study they examined the impact of regulations over FIIs in India and gave an interesting results that the restrictive measures aimed at achieving greater control over FII flows do not show any significant negative impact on the net inflows. They also found that FII restrictive policies mostly render FII Investments more sensitive to the domestic market returns and raise inertia of the inflow. Griffin and Nardari (2004) in their study titled Are daily cross-border equity flows pushed or pulled found that foreign flows are significant predictors of returns for Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and India, indicating that foreign investors are buying before market index increases. Increasing trends of FIIs inflows can act as a predictor for upward trend in the value of index or vice versa. FII and Stock Index show positive correlation, but fail to predict the future value. They also found that contemporaneous flows are positive and highly significant in India. Kumar SSS (2005) in his study on Role of Institutional Investors in Indian Stock Market examines the pulling and pushing role of Foreign Institutional Investors in Indian stock markets. He finds using granger causality test that the market movement can be explained using the direction of the funds flow from these investors. Rai and Bhanumurthy (2006) in their study on Determinants of Foreign Institutional Investment in India studied and analyzed the determinants of foreign institutional investment in India using monthly data from January 1994 to November 2004. The study revealed the positive association of FIIs investment with return on BSE Sensex, inflation in US (home country) ; and negative association with inflation in India (host country), return on SP 500 index, ex-ante risk on BSE and ex-ante risk on SP 500 index. Thus empirical estimates seems to be perfectly in consensus with the proposed theoretical model, except for ex-ante risk in US stock market, which adversely affects the FII flow to India. This could be due to the dominant position of US stock market. However, the ex-post risk neither in US nor in India affected FII inflow to India. Study also did not find any causation running from FII inflow to stock market returns in BSE as it was found by some existing studies (Gordon Gupta, 2003). Study concluded that stabilizing the stock market volatility and minimizing the ex-ante risk would help in attracting more FII inflows. Otherwise there would be adverse impact of non-fundamental factors on FII behaviour which in turn would affect the real economy in the long-run. They further studied the impact of news on FII flows and found that the FIIs reacted more (sell heavily) to bad news than to good news. Saji kumar (2006) in his study titled FII vs. Sensex: An Emerging Paradigm analyses the performance of Sensex in terms of market Capitalisation , movement of Sensex, Returns on Sensex, trade turnover and Sensex P/E ratio and found out that they are significantly related to the surge in FIIs inflows. The behaviour of returns on Sensex and volatility has been more stabilizing due to external inflows and the fluctuations are largely due to withdraws by the domestic equity holders during the period considered. Singh (2008) in his study on FII Investment Flow and SENSEX Movement concluded that there are many variables which contribute to the positive growth of the stock market. FIIs investment is considered to be one of the biggest push after the economic fundamentals got stronger. The liberalisation of the FII flows into the Indian Capital Market since 1993 has had a considerable impact on Indian stock market. Babu and Prabheesh (2008) in their study on Causal relationships between Foreign Institutional Investments and stock returns in India concluded that the FII investments in India are more stock returns driven. Perhaps the high rates of growth in recent times coupled with an increasing trend in corporate profitability has imparted buoyancy to the stock markets, triggering off high and thereby leading to return chasing behaviour by the FIIs. Chakraborty (2007) undertook study on Foreign Institutional Investment Flows and Indian Stock Market Returns: A Cause and Effect Relationship Study. The empirical investigation of the direction of causation between FII flows to India and Indian stock market returns over the time period from April 1997 to March 2005 has revealed that FII flows are caused by; rather than causing the national stock market returns. However, the Indian policy makers must adopt a cautious approach while further liberalizing the FII policy by instituting in-built cushion within the system against the possible destabilizing effects of sudden reversal of FII flows. Rajput Thaker (2008) in their study on Exchange Rate, FII and Stock Index Relationship in India concludes that in globalized world, exchange rate, FII and Stock Index are important economic variable and reflect underlying strength and stability of business and an economy. Earlier study findings have revealed positive, negative and mixed relationship amongst those variables. They measure the relationship and its predictive power for the period ranging from January 2000 to December, 2005, in the light of third generation reforms in India. Using simple correlation and regression analysis it is found that no long run positive correlation exists between exchange rate and Stock Index except for year 2002 and 2005. FII and Stock Index show positive correlation, but fail to predict the future value. Kumar and Gupta (2010), in their study on FII Flows to India: Economic Indicators concludes that the trading by the FIIs in the Indian stock market is registering sharp hike every year but their net investment is often registering negative growth rate. It can be said here that they are much interested in making short-term profit by trading in the market. Their investment is equity oriented which accounts around 95 percent of the total investment. It has also been found that share of FIIs cumulative investment in the total market capitalization is below five percent and share of trading by FIIs in the total stock market turnover is around 17 percent. Though enjoying a lesser share in the stock market, the FIIs have emerged as the big custodian in the Indian capital market. Research Gap: Despite a number of initiatives and actions action taken by Indian government , there has been apparent problem of unwarranted volatility in the capital market due to unpatterned flows of FII in Indian economy. Due to these reasons, research in the field of FII flows in Indian Economy has received good deal of attention both for academicians and policy makers. However most of the researches have included stock return as the deciding variable for studying the determinants of FII in India. Since FII investment in stock market is sentiment driven, it is affected more or less by everything. The crucial task is to settle down on critical determinants which affect the flows of FII in India. In addition, majority of the research works have offered mixed findings. Even there are some studies which have contradicted each other in terms of their findings pertaining to the same data base. Like Kumar (2001) and Gordon Gupta, 2003). Whose findings (who supported the view that there is positive causation from FII to return in BSE) are in contradiction with the findings of Rai and Bhanumurthy (2003) ( who did not find any causation from FII to return in BSE using similar data between 1994 and 2002). More over there is a void in the field of research on FII flows in India as far as empirical investigations are concerned. After going through the review of literature, it is found that study and analysis on FII flows, magnitude, trends, determinants and the impact of government decisions need intensive investigation. This could fill part of the existing knowledge gap. Hence the study will be undertaken with these objectives. Objectives: 1. To study and analyse the magnitude and trends of FII flows in India since 2000 and make estimate for the same till 2015. 2. To study and analyse the impact of FII on Indian economy with special reference to stock market, exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves. (inflation) 3. To study and analyse the policy initiatives taken by Government of India and their impact. 4.To study and analyse the factors ( political and economic) affecting FII flow in and out of India. Research Methodology: Research Design: The proposed study will be an empirical research aiming at exploring the relation between the FII flows and various economic and financial factors operating in home and foreign country. Data Period of study: Data used for the study will be secondary in nature and the period of study will be from 2000 to 2010. Nature of Data: Research will be based upon secondary data. Methodology: The data (secondary in nature) on FII flows (sale and purchase ), return , risk will be collected from various sources/sites and the same will be analysed elaborately underlying the reasons for the same. And for estimating FII flows for future period and analysis of the same the relevant statistical techniques (as per their applicability ) like correlation, regression, standard deviation, and various econometrics methods will be used.

Company Profile Of Audi Ag - 2135 Words

AUDI  ¬ 1. Birth of Company Audi AG is very famous and reputed largest company which design, engineers, produce, markets and distributes the automobiles. German is the places where it is manufactured. Audi-marked vehicles are created in nine generation offices around the world. The company name comes from the Latin word listen which was the meaning of â€Å"Horch†. Its is the surname of the author, August Horch so in German it turns to â€Å"Audi†. Audi is the combination of four car companies. Audi has been a dominant part claimed (99.55%) backup of Volkswagen Group since 1966, after a staged buy of Audi AG s forerunner, Auto Union, from Daimler-Benz. Volkswagen relaunched the Audi brand with the 1965 presentation of the Audi F103series. 2. Logo Fogh Joergen August 1928, that the master Dampf- krapht Wagener (DKW), and are in the aisles Audi werke to own. In the same year, Rasmussen is also the court of the machine for eight cylinder Rickenbacker, treatment, and the rest of the auto industry. Thus, in the letters, needs, and other machines Hear Dresden, to the four-cylinder and six-cylinder model (Peugeot engine, four), which was launched at the same time, in 1929 with the Audi models is ready for using. Hear that luxury car for a long time separated from his body. Before World War 2, Auto Union and what they are used for each of the four ringsShow MoreRelatedAudi HR practices1503 Words   |  7 Pages | AUDI Introduction The AUDI emblem of the four rings denotes one of the Germany’s oldest automobiles manufactures. It symbolizes the merger in 1932 of four previously independent motor vehicles manufactures i.e AUDI DKN HORCH and WANDERER. These companies are the foundation stones of AUDI AG. This company is established by AUGUST HORCH in ZWICKOU on july16, 1909. He couldn’t take again its founder’s name for reason of fair trade. 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Drug Abuse Essay - 894 Words

Drug abuse is a disease where people compulsively seek and use drugs knowing the harmful consequences (Nida, 2017). Most of Americas top social problems relate to or are impacted by drug abuse: drugged driving, child abuse, violence, and stress. Drugs take an immense toll on our society at many different levels. This includes health care expenditures, lost earnings, and costs associated with crime and accidents (Nida, 2017). For example, according to NIDA(National Institute On Drug Abuse) Illicit drugs alone cost the U.S. $11billion alone in health care costs, illicit drug users are more likely to miss days at work leading to loss of wages, and 60% of adults are in prison for drug related crimes (Nida, 2017). Everyone is affected by drug†¦show more content†¦Some examples of emotional warning signs are mood swings and becoming defensive and aggressive with the people around you when they attempt to discuss your drug use with you (Miller, 2017). Some advantages about educatin g the people on drug abuse is it will be a long-term affect, meaning constant education on the topic will touch a lot of people and stay with them. A disadvantage with using education to help rid drug abuse is people will hear the effects of it and it will cause experimentation. Another solution to drug abuse would be treatment centers with lengths of 6 to 12 months. Treatment centers primarily tend to focus on re-socializing the individual and use the entire community in the program as active components of treatment (Nida, 2012). The treatment would focus on developing personal accountability, responsibility, and socially productive lives as well. Advantages with treatment centers is that It helps big groups of people, there is constant supervision, someone is there to help you like a life coach or therapist, and it is a confined place. Disadvantages to treatment centers is that some of the best treatment centers are very expensive. Not everyone can afford a treatment center becau se not all addicts nor their families can afford the financial burden of paying for theirShow MoreRelatedPrescription Drug Abuse Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pageshard transition in his life from the elementary levels of school to high school. Along the way, he started hanging out with the wrong crowd and doing all sorts of drugs like smoking marijuana and drinking alcohol. In his senior year he realized he wanted to do something different with his life and he joined the boxing team and quit drugs, but one Saturday night that all ended. David was offered a patch that was supposed to make him feel an extremely good feeling. He didnt know what was in the patchRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesPrescription drug abuse has become an epidemic in the United States especially among the youth of our country. The Partnership for a Drug Free America says that 2,500 teens a day abuse prescription drugs. 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It is very difficul t for these individuals to engage in treatment. Diagnosis for a treatment is difficult because it takes time to disengage the interacting effects of substance abuse and theRead MoreEssay on Abuse of Legal and Illegal Drugs2374 Words   |  10 Pages Drug abuse is â€Å"a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress† (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p.114-115). The difference between using drugs and abusing drugs depends on three things, what the drug is for, how much of the drug is used, and the effect that the drug has on the person. Drug abuse typically relates to one using drugs in an excessive manner, whether the drug is legal or illegal. For example, marijuana is illegal in some statesRead MoreEssay on Drug Abuse In the Nursing Profession2211 Words   |  9 Pageshave it. It’s the only disease I know that argues with you and says, ‘Look, despite all the evidence, you don’t have a problemâ €™ (Kunyk and Austin, 2005, p. 385). All over the world, people suffer from the addictive properties of the many varieties drugs. In the recent decade, increasing amounts of nurses have begun to see the effects of substance usage while on the job. This unpublicized problem that is sweeping nurses in America is a problem that should not be ignored as they are the frontline ofRead MoreEssay about The Prescription Drug Abuse Crisis1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe rate of death due to prescription drug abuse in the U.S. has escalated 313 percent over the past decade. According to the Congressional Quarterly Transcription’s article Rep. Joe Pitt Holds a Hearing on Prescription Drug Abuse, opioid prescription drugs were involved in 16,650 overdose-caused deaths in 2010, accounting for more deaths than from overdoses of heroin and cocaine. Prescribed drugs or painkillers sometimes condemn a patient to lifelong addiction, according to Dr. Tom Frieden,Read MoreEssay on Effects of P arental Drug Abuse on Children1750 Words   |  7 PagesHeather Swenson Mandy Jesser English Composition I 1 May 2013 Effects of Parental Drug Abuse on Their Children As soon as birth, children are exposed to new things; new life experiences that will develop the path of which direction their life will take. Adolescence is the most important time in a child’s life because it is where they learn appropriate behavior from their family and the outside world. Some children are able to use these experiences to differentiate at an early age what isRead MoreDrug Abuse in the United States on the Rise Essay634 Words   |  3 PagesDrug Abuse in the United States has gone down since the 1990’s but now that percentage is starting to increase. Nowadays children perceive drugs to be less and less harmful and are deciding to try hard drugs such as amphetamines, stimulants, and opiates. These drugs are extremely addictive, one try and you could be hooked on for life. This is dangerous, the earlier children start to try drugs the more prone they are to dealing with addiction as adults. Drug abuse is a serious problem especially with

Market Demand Theory and Empirical Evidence

Question: Discuss about the Market Demand for Theory and Empirical Evidence. Answer: Introduction: The study is conducted is about the oil and gas market of Australia. The factors affecting the supply and demand of the oil and gas has been given the due considerations in the analysis. Those factors are considered the vital tool in the analysis of the micro economic theory of the supply and demand. Demand refers to the quantity demanded for the desired goods and service purchased by the buyers at the given level of price (Akinci, Akinci and Yilmaz2013). Supply on the other hand is the willingness of the producer to supply the oil and gas at the specific price. The discussion is about the factors influencing the supply and demand of oil in Australia. The eastern region of Australian gas market is conclusively linked with the international gas market. The LNG market is Australia has been facing with the supply of natural resources in the surplus amount, which is creating a great degree of uncertainty. The domestic price of oil and gas is determined by the various factors such as the cost associated with the supplying of the products, short run net backs and competition. It is considered essential to make the investment in the production capacity and the new supply to provides the support in the eastern region of the Australian industry (Azrieli 2014). Demand for crude oil is on the rise and it is forecasted that demand will keep on increasing in the near future in spite of the rise in price. The reason behind the upward surge in consumer demand for petroleum product is due to the annual rise in demand and non-availability of the low-priced substitutes. Both the consumers and business firms are likely to be acting in their own inte rest. Discussion: The demand and supply of oil and gas in Australia is influenced by the several factors. The factors to be considered are the price of substitutes, ongoing price, price of related commodities, earning of the consumers and taste and preferences pattern of the consumers. However, these are micro economic factors. The supply and demand also is influenced by the macro economic factors such as the population and GDP of the country. On the other hand, the supply of the product is mainly influenced by the production cost, cost of the factor of production, future price anticipation. The analysis of the mechanism of the demand and supply is conducted in a detailed way before the consideration of the supply and demand of oil and gas in the industry of oil and gas in Australia. Australia is well known for the different kind of resources such as mining resources, natural resources and agricultural resources and the supply and demand of these resources is considered identical (Francis 2014). There is circumstances of noteworthy differences amid the two elements with prevailing situations of exogenous aspects of the economy. These exogenous economic factors establishes during the analysis provides different types of result for both oil and gas. For example, by considering the illustrations of Eastern regions of Australias oil and gas market there is prevalent circumstances of asymmetrical options in the theory of demand and supply. Since there was low pressure concerning international market in the year 1990, the demand of the natural gas of Australia was not high (Nelson 2013). Prior to that, the supply and demand of the natural oil and gas in the Eastern Australia witnessed an increase in light of huge development in the large exportation of the oil and gas of the Australian market. The instance of the brown sugar field can be considered here which gave the evidence of the fact that there was incomplete availability of the LNG from the gas field in the Australian market. However, the fall in supply was mainly due to the external factors. The LNG exportation received all the gas produced from the oil field in Australia during the period of twelve years. There was no shortage in the demand zone of oil and gas and the supply of reserves of the Australian eastern region was met with enough supply of gas. The production stage would be changed due to the driver of the domestic price. This is because it is forecasted that there is no connection between the net back price of LNG and the domestic price of gas. The quantity demanded of the product is influenced by the macro economic factors affecting its demand and supply. This will lead to shift in the demand curve (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). There is a shift in the demand curve due to the factor other than price. Alternatively, if the factor leads to decrease in demand then the demand curve will shift to right side. Factors such as disposable income, price of alternatives, fluctuations of interest rate and growing populations is the most important element demand and supply. The natural resource consumption would unsurprisingly increase due to the increasing population, which significantly influences the consumption. Only a limited number of substitute product will be used and the major reason behind the downward sloping of demand curve is when cost of natural resources increases. The consumption of the natural resources is predicted to increase compelling the consumers to look for substitutes such as oil and coal (Li and Yang 2016). The demand is projected to decrease as the substitutes are available cheaply and ultimately shifting the demand curve. As the substitute product are cheaper it is projected that demand will dip and ultimately leading to shift in demand curve since consumers have shifted to cheaper source for energy consumption. Conclusion: The supply and demand of the oil and gas depends upon the endogenous and exogenous factors. The price is not the only factor affecting the demand and supply. Several treasures have laid down that Australia has been experiencing constant growth in economy for the last 25 years. The economic reforms, however needs some activities and real investment to occur as the greater degree of economic reforms requires it. Therefore, it is worth mentioning that new exports in the gas market have significantly increased economic trend of Australia. Reference list: Akinci, G.Y., Akinci, M. and Yilmaz, ., 2013. Demand following or supply leading? A panel data analysis for developed, developing, and less developed countries.METU Studies in Development,40(3), p.553. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2016).Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Azrieli, Y., 2014. Comment on The Law of Large Demand for Information.Econometrica,82(1), pp.415-423. Commpap.com. (2016).Home. Available at: https://www.commpap.com/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Francis, M.C., 2014. Theory of Demand and Supply. Hildenbrand, W., 2014.Market demand: Theory and empirical evidence. Princeton University Press. Industry.gov.au. (2016).Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. Available at: https://industry.gov.au/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Kaul, R. and Chowdhury, S.R., 2014. Demand analysis. Li, Y.C. and Yang, H., 2016. A mathematical model of demand-supply dynamics with collectability and saturation factors.arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.06720. Nelson, R.R., 2013. Demand, supply, and their interaction on markets, as seen from the perspective of evolutionary economic theory.Journal of Evolutionary Economics,23(1), pp.17-38. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill.

The Effects Of Detoxification On A Healthy Lifestyle Essay Example For Students

The Effects Of Detoxification On A Healthy Lifestyle Essay Detoxification is a process that involves flushing the toxins, chemicals and drugs out of your body. It may be done to remove metabolic wastes and is normally known as â€Å"detoxing†. For residents of Kappa, HI, detoxification can be a first step toward living a healthy lifestyle. Our method of detoxing at Total Rejuvenation is designed to remove waste from your body and cleanse your organs. Through this program, you can ensure that you start out your detox program on the right foot. What Is Detoxification?Although your kidneys and liver are normally responsible for removing impurities, they need help sometimes. To keep your body running, you go through hundreds of metabolic functions every day. Over time, these metabolic functions will cause waste products to build up in your body. If left alone, these toxins can worsen current health issues and cause other medical problems. Other than your diet and lifestyle, your environment and genetic makeup greatly influence the rate of elimination for these toxins. While some people produce relatively little waste and can easily eliminate toxins, other individuals do not have the same good fortune. We will write a custom essay on The Effects Of Detoxification On A Healthy Lifestyle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When your body is not able to remove waste products efficiently, you need a good detoxification program to provide your liver with a boost. You can also limit your exposure to toxins in the environment like chemicals, allergens and certain foods. For you to detoxify correctly, you need to consume enough protein and nutrients. If you are using the right detox program, you will get a better level of health and vitality. Your detox program should help improve your cognitive ability, energy levels and weight loss. Through a good detox program, you can expect to receive better sleep quality, bal. .. Once you limit the toxins in your body, you can slow the aging process and limit more damage from occurring. For this benefit to remain, you have to remain committed to having a healthy lifestyle once you are done with detoxing. 12. A Boost in Well-BeingAll of the previous benefits lead you to have a better well-being and self-image. Detoxing is a great way to get a headstart on weight loss and learn how to have a healthy lifestyle. As long as you continue to follow these healthy habits, you can enjoy having a sense of well-being that lasts. Over time, you may feel the impact of this improved well-being at work, in your relationships and in your general outlook on life. If you want to look, feel and think better, you can get help from Total Rejuvenation. Based in Kappa, HI, we specialize in holistic cleansing programs that are designed for the entire body.