Symptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease - 1710 Words

aIntroduction Lyme disease has been the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started reporting it in 19911. It should be noted that Lyme disease does not occur everywhere in the US, and is heavily concentrated in upper Midwest and northeast United States1. This report has been compiled to provide recommendations for antimicrobial prophylactic treatment of Lyme disease once a patient encounters a tick bite. Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by Ixodes dammini, otherwise known as the deer tick3. B. burgdorferi lives in the midgut of the deer tick, and becomes active after a tick’s gut is filled with warm blood from a host. Ticks are only able to transmit B. burgdorferi after they have been attached and taken a â€Å"blood meal† from the host. B. burgdorferi passes from the mid gut to the salivary glands where it can exit in the tick’s saliva and into the host’s blood. According to an UpToDate article by Dr. Linden Hu, I dammini must be attached to a host for greater than 36 hours for B. burgdorferi to be able to be activated into the host16. Therefore, any deer tick that is not attached to a host cannot transmit B. burgdorferi. Throughout the last decade the prevention of Lyme disease has been very controversial. Serological testing, vaccines, and antimicrobial therapy are highly researched areas, but only antimicrobial therapy has been proven usefulShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1454 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Lyme disease has been the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started reporting it in 1991 [1]. It should be noted that Lyme disease does not occur everywhere in the US, and is heavily concentrated in upper Midwest and northeast United States [1]. This report has been compiled to provide recommendations for antimicrobial prophylactic treatment of Lyme disease once a patient encounters a tick bite. Lyme diseaseRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1485 Words   |  6 Pagesspreading to become the most common vector-borne disease that occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This â€Å"hidden pandemic†, known as Lyme disease, is silently infecting hundreds of thousands of United States citizens each year, and numbers of new and untreated infections continue to climb as traditional treatments fail and doctors misdiagnose the condition. Spread by tick bites, Lyme disease has affected many lives and continues to infect countlessRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1598 Words   |  7 Pagesntroduction Lyme disease has been the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started reporting it in 1991 [1]. It should be noted that Lyme disease does not occur everywhere in the US, and is heavily concentrated in upper Midwest and northeast United States [1]. This report has been compiled to provide recommendations for antimicrobial prophylactic treatment of Lyme disease once a patient encounters a tick bite. Lyme diseaseRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1997 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Lyme Disease is the number one tick-borne disease in the United States and in Massachusetts. It is considered a vector disease because it is spread through the bite of a black-legged tick (also known as a deer tick) that carries the bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme was first diagnosed in 1975 in Lyme, CT and the bacterium that causes Lyme was discovered in 1982 by Willy Burgdorfer (Todar, 2012, p. 1). Lyme disease spreads rapidly and can impact many different organ systemsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1770 Words   |  8 Pages Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Despite this, adequate prevention is lacking and treatment measures are sometimes inadequate. Vaccinations for Lyme disease developed in the late 1990’s have since been withdrawn from the market, and research is currently underway to create a new vaccine. Educational programs have proven to show an increase in protective behaviors to prevent tick bites and tick-borne illnesses through increased knowledge of repellent useRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1897 Words   |  8 PagesBackground: Definition of the condition: Lyme disease is named after the town of Old Lyme in Connecticut, where the first cases of Lyme disease (LD) were discovered in 1975. About twelve children, who lived in the same area of this town, were diagnosed with arthritis which was discovered to be caused by Lyme disease (Levi et al., 2012). In 1982, a scientist named Willy Burgdorfer and his coworkers, established the link between ticks and the transmission of Borralis bacteria which is proven to resultRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease2008 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (Ixodes spp.). Early manifestations of infection include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. Left untreated, late manifestations involving the joints, heart, and nervous system can occur. A Healthy People 2010 objective (14-8) is to reduce the annual incidence of Lyme disease to 9.7 new cases per 100,000 population in 10Read MoreLong Term Antibiotic Treatment Of Persistent Symptoms Attributed Lyme Disease2057 Words   |  9 PagesThe research question of this study was to determine if longer-term antibiotic treatment of persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease resulted in a better outcome than shorter-term antibiotic treatment1. Evaluate the review of related research. How well did the authors provide a context for the current research in light of previous literature and gaps in current literature and knowledge? In the introduction, the authors indicate that previous randomized, clinical trials have not provided sufficientRead MoreLyme Disease : A Rapidly Spreading Infectious Disease1666 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Lyme disease is a rapidly spreading infectious disease in the United States, with over 25,000 confirmed cases in 2013.5 It was first discovered in the early-1970’s in the town of Lyme, Connecticut when a group of children started to present with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Some of these children presented with a rash and researchers connected the symptoms to occurring during peak tick season. By the mid-1970’s, the researchers began describing the symptoms and coining the term â€Å"Lyme disease†Read MoreA Research Paper On Lyme Disease1020 Words   |  5 PagesLyme Disease I chose to do my research paper on Lyme disease. During my research, I found a lot of interesting facts about Lyme disease. The disease is caused by bacteria, called Borrelia burgdorferi, which is only transmitted to humans when they are bitten by an infected tick. Lyme disease was first discovered in 1975, in Lyme, Connecticut, after a group of children were diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This eventually led them to discover the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease

Statute for the Taxation Benifits for FBTAA

Question: Describe about the Statute for the Taxation for Benifits for FBTAA. Answer: The relevant statute for the taxation of the various fringe benefits is FBTAA, 1986 (Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act 1986). The FBT(Fringe Benefit Tax).on various benefits that are doled out by Periwinkle to the employee (Emma) would be calculated with reference to this statute as shown below. Car fringe benefit Periwinkle purchases a car in the year 2015 with a cost of $ 33,000. This car is provided to Emma (employee) who is authorised to use the vehicle as part of her personal use and hence as per Section 8, FBTAA 1986, car fringe benefit in indeed been provided to Emma for FY2016 and FBT liability on the same has to be accounted for by Periwinkle (Wilmot, 2012). Applicable formula for computation of taxable gross up value of Car Fringe Benefit (Section 39F) (Barkoczy, 2015). The computation of the various inputs required above is shown below. Capital value of Car Vehicles acquisition cost in 2015 $ 33,000 Repairs cost incurred in FY2016 $550 Vehicles capital amount =( Acquisition cost Repairs Cost) = (33000 - 550) $ 32,450 Statutory Percentage The statutory percentage essentially is driven by the factors identified below (Sadiq et. al., 2016). Vehicles year of purchase The usage (personal nature) by the employee during the time, the vehicle was available for use in year under assessment. For a year of purchase later than 2011 and usage by employee for personal reasons not to be in excess of 15,000 km, the statutory percentage would be 20% (Gilders et. al., 2016). This is the case here where both conditions are satisfied and hence statutory percentage applicable in 20%. Usage Days Deductions from the year would be made for the following. Car made available for use on May 1, 2015 and hence a deduction of 30 days for April 2015. Car was sent for annual repairs and hence a deduction of 5 days for the same Hence, applicable days = 365 30 5 = 335 Gross up factor The applicable factor here would be 2.1463 as car is Type 1 good on which GST applies (ATO, 2016). Taxable value of Car fringe benefits = (Capital value of vehicle Days for which vehicle available for use Statutory percentage gross up factor ) =( 32450 0.20 2.1463) $12,593.80 FBT payable by Periwinkle (FBT @ 49% for FY2016) =( 12593.80 0.49) $6,171 Loan fringe benefit The case information states that Periwinkle has provided a loan to Emma to the tune of $ 500,000. The interest rate charged on this amount would be 4.45% pa which is lesser than the corresponding RBA prescribed rate of 5.65% pa as given by TD 2015/8 (ATO, 2015b ). Loan fringe benefit would arise in this case, as the interest charged by employer is lesser than the RBA prescribed rate and the magnitude of the interest rate savings would be the quantum of loan fringe benefit (ATO, 2015a). The taxable value of this benefit is computed in the manner shown below. Interest cost assuming lending at RBA rate or 5.65% pa =(0.0565 500000) $28,250 Interest cost assuming lending at rate charged by Periwinkle =(0.0445 500000) $ 22,250 Interest savings for the whole year =( Interest cost @ RBA rate - Interest cost @ offered by Periwinkle) =(28250 - 22250) $ 6,000 Interest extended for days in FY2016 (September 1 to March 31) 213 Taxable value (loan fringe benefit) = (6000 ) $3491.80 Loan and related payments are Type 2 goods as GST does not apply, hence the relevant gross up value for FY2016 is 1.9608 (ATO, 2016). Grossed up value (Loan Fringe Benefit) =( Taxable amount Gross up factor) =( 3491.8 1.9608) $ 6,846.72 FBT payable by Periwinkle =(0.49 Grossed up value) =(0.49 6846.72) $3,354.9 It is noteworthy that deduction to employer is available if the amount extended to loan is used by the employee for incremental income. In the given case, Emma deploys 90% of the borrowed funds or $ 450,000 to purchase a holiday home which is capable of producing income and Emma may use it for that purpose thus ensuring deductions for Periwinkle. However, for the residual amount of $ 50,000, no deductions are possible for Periwinkle as it has been given by Emma to her husband for his use (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). Expense fringe benefits (Bathtub) Based on the information provided, Emma would receive expense fringe benefit as she was sold the bathtub at a discounted price by Periwinkle (Barkoczy, 2015). Bathtub cost of production $700 Retail selling price of bathtub $2,600 Offer price to Emma for bathtub $1,300 Expense fringe benefit =( Retail selling price- Offer price to Emma for bathtub) = ( 2,600 1,300) $1,300 Gross up factor (FY2016 Type 1 good) (ATO, 2016) 2.1463 Grossed up amount =( Expense fringe benefit 2.1463) =( 1300 2.1463) $4,078 FBT payable at the end of employer =( Grossed up amount 0.49) $1,998 (b) Usage of $50,000 by Emma for generation of share trading Now, Emma does not divert $ 50,000 towards husband and instead uses it herself and hence Periwinkle could not claim tax deduction on the same which would lower the FBT liability as shown below (Barkoczy,2015). Interest payable at RBA rate on $ 50,000 =(0.0565 50000) $2,825 Interest payable at Periwinkles rate on $ 50,000 =(o.0445 50000) $ 2,225 Hence, savings in interest =(2825 - 2225) $ 600 Thus, FBT deduction for employer =(Interest savings on $ 50,000 0.49) =(600 0.49) $294 References ATO 2015a, Loan Fringe Benefits, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Fringe-benefits-tax-(FBT)/Types-of-fringe-benefits/Loan-fringe-benefits/ (Accessed on September 20, 3016) ATO 2015b, TD 2015/8, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=%22TXD%2FTD20158%2FNAT%2FATO%2F00001%22 (Accessed on September 20, 3016) ATO 2016, Gross-up rates for FBT, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/rates/fbt/?page=3 (Accessed on September 20, 3016) Barkoczy,S 2015.Foundation of Taxation Law 2015,7th edn, CCH Publications, North Ryde Gilders, F, Taylor, J, Walpole, M, Burton, M. Ciro, T 2016. Understanding taxation law 2016, 9th edn, LexisNexis/Butterworths. Nethercott, L, Richardson, G Devos, K 2016, Australian Taxation Study Manual 2016, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, Sydney Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2016,Principles of Taxation Law 2016,9th edn, Thomson Reuters, Pymont Wilmot, C 2012, FBT Compliance guide, 6th edn, CCH Australia Limited, North Ryde

Title Of Paper J.S. Bach Essays - German Lutherans,

Title of Paper : J.S. Bach Grade Received on Report : 88 Johann Sebastian Bach Since the dawn of music, there have been many great composers throughout the world. However, no composer had a greater impact to music than Johann Sebastian Bach from the Baroque era (1600 ad. -1750 ad.). Johann Sebastian Bach was a forefather to music as the author Homer was a forefather Western literature. Yet, unlike Homer's uses of words and verses in his literature, J.S. Bach used notes and chords in his music which to him was an apparatus of worship. Johann Sebastian Bach was born on March 21, 1685, in Eisenach, Thuringina, into a family that over seven generations created at least 53 outstanding musicians. He first received musical training from his father, Johann Ambrosius, a town musician. Stricken by his father's death at the young age of 10, he went to reside and study with his older brother, Johann Christoph, an organist in Ohrdruf. In 1700, Bach began to earn his own living as a chorister at the Church of Saint Michael in Luneburg. Later in 1703, he became a violinist in the chamber orchestra at the Church of Prince Ernst of Weimar, but later moved to Arnstadt, where he became a church organist. In October 1705, Bach went to Lubeck to study with the distinguished Danish-born German organist and composer Dietrich Buxtehude which largely affected Bach. Bach was then criticized for the new lavish flourishes and bizarre harmonies in his organ accompaniments to congregational singing. He was already too highly respected, nevertheless, for either objection to result in his dismissal. Then in 1707, he went to Mulhausen as an organist in the Church of Saint Blasius. The next year, he went back to Weimar as an organist and violinist at the court of Duke Wilhelm Ernst and abide there for the next 9 years, becoming concertmaster of the court orchestra in 1714. In Weimar he composed about 30 cantatas, and also wrote organ and harpsichord works. In 1717, Bach began a 6- year employment as chapelmaster and director of chamber music at the court of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Kothen. During this time he basically wrote secular music for ensembles and solo instruments. In addition, he prepared music books with the intent of teaching keyboard technique and musicianship. These books include the Well- Tempered Clavier, the Inventions, and the Little Organ Book. In 1723, Bach moved to Leipzig were he spent the rest of his life. At Leipzig, he became the music director and choirmaster of Saint Thomas's church. Life at Leipzig however was unsatisfactory. He continually quarreled with the town council, and neither the council nor the critics appreciated his musical genius. They saw him more a stifling elderly man who clung stubbornly to obsolete forms of music. Regardless, the 202 cantatas surviving from the 295 that he wrote in Leipzig are still played today, whereas a lot that was new and in craze at the same time has been forgotten. Nearly all of the cantatas start with a section for both chorus and orchestra, continue with alternating recitatives and arias for solo voices and accompaniment, and end with a chorale based on a simple Lutheran hymn. Among these works are the Ascension Cantata and the Christmas Oratorio, the following including of six cantatas. The Passion of St. John and the Passion of St. Matthew also were composed in Leipzig, as was the momentous Mass in B Minor. Among the works written for keyboard during this period are the famous Goldberg Variations, Part II of the Well- Tempered Clavier, and The Art of the Fugue, a grand exhibition of his contrapuntal ability in the form of 16 fugues and 4 canons, all on a single theme. Bach's sight began to deteriorate in the concluding year of his life, and he died on July 28, 1750, following undergoing an failed eye operation. J.S. Bach's greatest impact to music was his own music. The importance of Bach's music is due in a big part to the magnitude of his intellect. He is the best recognized as a ultimate master of counterpoint. He was able to understand and use every resource of musical language that was available in the Baroque era as Homer did with the Greek language of Archaic Greece. At the same time, he could compose for voice and the different instruments so as to take advantage of the peculiar characteristics of the make up and tone quality in each. Also, when a text was associated with the music, J.S. Bach could compose musical equivalents of verbal concepts, such as expanding melody to characterize the sea,

The Symbolization of the River in Huck Finn essays

The Symbolization of the River in Huck Finn essays The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn has been widely recongnized as a great American novel. The book has many features which have helped sustain it over the years, but among the most important is the Mississippi river which carries Huck and Jim upon a winding path through a series od adventures. The river symbolizes many important aspects intrical to the novel's theme. These aspects include God or some other higher power, Huck and his irrepresible nature, and the change of characters in the novel as well as society in general. First and foremost the river symbolizes the novel's protagnist, Huckleberry Finn. The Likeness between the two is startling as one begins to examine the common trait. According to T.S. Eliot the most striking similarity that the two share is that like the river, Huck can not be contained (470). Throughout the course of the novel the river is constantly at flood, and all other powers pale in comparision to its awesome current. Evidence of this is found throughout Huck and Jim's journey in the form of swept away houses and smashed steam boats. Hucks personality is much the same. No matter how many times "respectable folk", like Miss Watson or Aunt Sally, try to civilze Huck or curb his extreme personality, Huck always breaks free and returns to his roots. Those of a poor, brazen country boy who speaks his mind regardless of the consequences. Huck refuses to compromise what he is and the principals for which he stands for the sake of others. Huck like the river will not except the bo undaries, rules, and practices which govern the rest of the world. A second comparrison which demonstrates this symbolization would be the fact that throughout the novel both Huck's path and the path of the River are circular in nature. T.S. Elliot put it sysnctally when she said; "Like Huckleberry Finn, the River its self has no beginning or end. In its beginning it is not yet...

Aircraft maintenance eng - Aircraft Maintenance procedures -scenario Research Paper

Aircraft maintenance eng - Aircraft Maintenance procedures -scenario for systems integration - Research Paper Example rding the aircraft’s system failures, system integration, Crew Resource Management, and tech recorders among others were evaluated, and the following information regarding the situation were summarized. The aircraft (Airbus A380) departed Changi International Airport for Sidney, Australia on November 4th, 2013 at 01:57 hours UTC. This aircraft (Airbus A380 whose registration number is VH-OQA) carried a total of 469 passengers (that is, 440 passengers and 29 members of crew) (ATSB 2010). During that day of flight, the weather was favorable, and was described by the metrological department of Changi International Airport as a clear and sunny Singapore day. After an approximate of 6 minutes after the takeoff of the plane (that is, at 02:02 hours UTC), and as the aircraft was climbing 7000 feet over Bantam Island in Indonesia, it was reported that the crew members hard a number of loud banging sounds (ATSB, 2010). These banging sounds were followed by ECAM (Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor) messages. These alerts were more than 50 in number and indicated that the aircraft’s Number 2 engine experienced a catastrophic failure. Immediately, the crew members initiated holding pattern then started to diagnose the problem. After approximately 50 minutes (that is at 14:52 UTC) the crew members made a decision to return to Changi International Airport in Singapore and attempt to land (ATSB 2010). At 16:32 hours UTC, the crew members managed to land the aircraft successfully with only one engine operating fully, with a maximum landing weight (MLW) of more than 50000 pounds, and in absence of the aircraft’s anti-lock brakes. In addition, the aircraft was stopped at distance of approximately 450 feet from the run way end (ATSB 2010). The disintegration of engine number 2, as indicated by investigations, produced a number of debris that struck (hit) the aircraft’s fuselage. Pieces of IP (Intermediate Pressure) turbine disc penetrated the aircraft’s left wing

Varieties of Judgment in the Critique of Pure Reason Assignment

Varieties of Judgment in the Critique of Pure Reason - Assignment Example As a result, while synthetic judgments are informative, they must be justified by referring to external or outside principles. On this theme, Kant begins by supposing that both Hume and Leibniz had not properly between the two distinct forms of judgment and that, in fact, they had made only one distinction, which was the difference between uninformative truths on the basis of pure reason and factual matters on the basis of sensory experience (Kant 37). Kant argues that the two distinctions were not wholly coextensive; also stating that all four combinations that are logically possible should be taken into consideration. The first combination, analytic a posteriori judgments, is not logical because one does not need to use experience in order to support an assertion that is purely explicative. Secondly, synthetic a posteriori judgments would be considered as generally uncontroversial facts that humans come to know of because of their sensory experience (Kant & Hatfield 45). Thirdly, analytic a priori judgments are those that are necessarily true because they include all straightforward definitions and merely logical truths. Finally, synthetic a priori judgments can be considered as the most crucial case from Kant’s arguments, specifically because they can only provide necessarily true new information.

Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Research Paper Essay Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic This case is provided at the end of chapter 3 of your text (Luthans and Doh). After reading the case, and performing research on the topic, answer the following questions: 1.) Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach? 2.) What are the principal arguments of pharma companies who oppose making exception to IPR laws for developing countries? What are the arguments by NGOs and others for a differential treatment? 3.) What impact would you expect South Africas decision to levy duties on drug imports from Western nations to have on the international distribution of drugs to South Africa? 4.) In June 2002, the WTO extended the transition period during which least-developed countries (LDCs) had to provide patent protection for pharmaceuticals. In your opinion, do you think this is an appropriate change in policy, or a dangerous precedent? What could be some of the negative ramifications of this resolution? What about effects for other industries? 5.) Given the initiatives announced by global development and aid organizations and among pharmaceutical companies themselves, was it necessary to relax IPR rules in order to ensure that adequate supplies of AIDs medications would be available for distribution in the developing world? 6.) What role do MNCs have in providing funding or other assistance to international organizations such as the Global Fund? Present your answers using APA-format: Eight to ten pages, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font. Also, please be sure to cite all scholarly information paraphrased or quoted from your researched sources of information on the case topic. Finally, be sure to include a separate Reference Page on which you list all of your research information sources according to correct APA citation style, depending on the kind of source: book, chapter, published article, internet article, etc. Submit this assignment to your instructor in Learning Plan 6 via the Assignment Drop Box labeled Research Paper. This assignment is worth 275 points and will be graded based on the Writing Intensive Rubric. Be sure that your paper shows multiple revisions with improved focus and clear writing for a general audience. Please remember to check your paper against the criteria in the Writing Intensive Research Paper Rubric before submitting it (see link above in this paragraph). Also, please let your Instructor know if you have any questions at all regarding producing or submitting this Research Paper assignment as the course progresses.a